Article | 21-July-2017
of exploring effective control methods, especially environmental friendly approaches. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are a group of biological control agents that actively search for the host, including those in a cryptic habitat like the carob moth larvae within infested fruits. Here, we assumed that treatment of the infested and dropped fruits with EPNs may provide new insight into the management of the carob moth. Three species of EPNs, Steinernema feltiae, S
ZAHRA MEMARI,
JAVAD KARIMI,
SHOKOOFEH KAMALI,
SEYED HOSSEIN GOLDANSAZ,
MOJTABA HOSSEINI
Journal of Nematology, Volume 48 , ISSUE 4, 261–267
Research Article | 03-September-2018
In search for local entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species as a biological control agent of lepidopterous insect pests of corn, a survey for EPN in the major islands in the Philippines was conducted. Seven EPN populations from 279 soil samples were isolated using Ostrinia furnacalis, the key target insect pest of corn in the country, as bait. Analysis of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal DNA sequence revealed the presence of Steinernema abbasi, Steinernema minutum, Steinernema tami, and
Barbara L. Caoili,
Romnick A. Latina,
Regina Faye C. Sandoval,
Joey I. Orajay
Journal of Nematology, Volume 50 , ISSUE 2, 99–110
research-article | 30-November-2019
against this insect, but have since been deregistered. Currently, there are no effective registered pesticides against this insect pest (Campos-Herrera et al., 2015). Studies on the use of biological control agent to manage this weevil has been of interest for the past couple of decades (Beavers et al., 1983; Shapiro et al., 2000) and as a result, the use of entomopathogenic nematodes as control agents was found to be effective on D. abbreviates larva (McCoy et al., 2002; Ali et al., 2010; Duncan et
Anil Baniya,
Jose C. Huguet-Tapia,
Peter DiGennaro
Journal of Nematology, Volume 52 , 1–4
research-article | 30-November-2020
Parasitic nematodes infect a variety of invertebrates and are used in biological control. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), a guild of insect-parasitic nematodes, have been used with some success in the biological control of insects. These nematodes have been shown to be pathogenic to insects and are considered to have few non-target effects, although it must be noted that specificity studies and non-target infection experiments are few (Bathon, 1996; Piedra-Buena et al., 2015; Sandhi and
Jacob Schurkman,
Adler R. Dillman
Journal of Nematology, Volume 53 , 1–10
research-article | 30-November-2018
report of nematode-parasitic Pasteuria spp. sporulation genes expression.
Utilization of Pasteuria spp. as a biological control against plant-parasitic nematodes is a promising supplement to conventional methods (Luc et al., 2010; Schmidt et al., 2010; Kokalis-Burelle, 2015; Baidoo et al., 2017). Microscopic observations have been used to describe the development of P. penetrans inside the body of its host nematode (Phani and Rao, 2018), but more accurate methods with higher throughput are, in the
Ruhiyyih Dyrdahl-Young,
Weiming Hu,
Peter DiGennaro
Journal of Nematology, Volume 51 , 1–8
research-article | 30-November-2018
effective control of S. noctilio is via the biological control agent, Deladenus siricidicola (Tylenchida: Neotylenchidae). This nematode has a bicyclic life-cycle, where in the free-living phase it reproduces in wood whilst feeding on A. areolatum, while in the parasitic phase it infects S. noctilio larvae and results in sterilized females. The parasitized adult female S. noctilio becomes the natural vector that disperses D. siricidicola into new trees.
In this study, the genome of D. siricidicola was
Alisa Postma,
X. Osmond Mlonyeni,
Frederick Clasen,
Fourie Joubert,
Bernard Slippers
Journal of Nematology, Volume 51 , 1–4
research-article | 30-November-2019
J. R. De Long,
M. A. Streminska,
A. Persijn,
H. M. I. Huisman,
C. van der Salm
Journal of Nematology, Volume 52 , 1–12
research-article | 17-March-2020
nematodes is as old as nematology itself, as Nathan Cobb, the father of nematology, first suggested using predatory nematodes to control plant-parasitic nematodes (Cobb, 1917). Biological control or biocontrol is scientifically attractive goal, albeit often not as commercially successful in most cases compared to chemical control methods. It has become increasingly attractive since methyl bromide has been proven harmful to the environment, livestock and humans and subsequently banned from use (Duniway
Deepak Haarith,
Kathryn E. Bushley,
Senyu Chen
Journal of Nematology, Volume 52 , 1–17
research-article | 30-November-2019
countries (Yu et al., 2003; Zhao et al., 2019), i.e. substantially high levels of resistance to omethoate was observed in FAW captured in China (Zhao et al., 2019). Based on the adverse effects of some chemicals on human health, the environment and living organisms, researchers are focusing on potential biological control agents (Harrison et al., 2019). FAW are attacked by various natural biocontrol agents such as parasitoids (López et al., 2018), bacteria (del Valle Loto et al., 2019), fungi (Shylesha
Bingjiao Sun,
Fen Li,
Xiaorui He,
Fengqin Cao,
Elizabeth Bandason,
David Shapiro-Ilan,
Weibin Ruan,
Shaoying Wu
Journal of Nematology, Volume 52 , 1–7
research-article | 30-November-2020
develop environmentally friendly methods to manage the pathogen, such as the use of biological control agents (Burkett-Cadena et al., 2008).
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are root-colonizing bacteria that enhance plant growth and biological control against multiple plant pathogens (Olanrewaju et al., 2017). Bacillus velezensis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped PGPR, with some strains reported to reduce M. incognita populations on cotton (Xiang et al., 2017b). Additionally, B. velezensis
Mohammad K. Hassan,
Kathy S. Lawrence,
Edward J. Sikora,
Mark R. Liles,
Joseph W. Kloepper
Journal of Nematology, Volume 53 , 1–17
Article | 21-July-2017
Esteya vermicola (Ophiostomataceae) is an endoparasitic fungus that has great potential as a biological control agent against the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus which causes pine wilt disease.We tested E. vermicola for control of pine wilt disease by spraying E. vermicola conidia on artificial wounds on pine seedlings, and the optimum E. vermicola treatment density and application time were also investigated in the greenhouse. The wounds were similar to those made by
ZHEN WANG,
YONGAN ZHANG,
CHUNYAN WANG,
YUNBO WANG,
CHUNGKEUN SUNG
Journal of Nematology, Volume 49 , ISSUE 1, 86–91
research-article | 30-November-2018
existing sources of resistance to other species of Meloidogyne (Brito et al., 2007; Cantu et al., 2009).
Several methods are studied for the control of phytonematodes (Rosa et al., 2015; Silva et al., 2014). Studies show that entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have potential for biological control of these parasites (Pérez and Lewis, 2004; Lewis and Grewal, 2005).
In view of the above, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the hatching, mortality and infectivity of hatched juvenis of M
Alixelhe Pacheco Damascena,
Júlio César Antunes Ferreira,
Marylia Gabriella Silva Costa,
Luis Moreira de Araujo Junior,
Silvia Renata Siciliano Wilcken
journal of nematology, Volume 51 , 1–8
research-article | 30-November-2019
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis are well-known biological control agents used against many arthropod species (Campos-Herrera, 2015; Lacey et al., 2015). They selectively search for insect hosts and kill them within 2 to 3 days with the aid of mutualistic bacteria of the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, respectively (Adams et al., 2006; Dillman et al., 2012). Their worldwide distribution in soils (Kaya et al., 2006) and the availability of
Gabriela Castruita-Esparza,
Francisco Ángel Bueno-Pallero,
Rubén Blanco-Pérez,
Lídia Dionísio,
Teodulfo Aquino-Bolaños,
Raquel Campos-Herrera
Journal of Nematology, Volume 52 , 1–12
Research Article | 03-September-2018
With recently discovered soybean cyst nematode (SCN) viruses, biological control of the nematodes is a theoretical possibility. This study explores the question of what kinds of viruses would make useful biocontrol agents, taking into account evolutionary and population dynamics. An agent-based model, Soybean Cyst Nematode Simulation (SCNSim), was developed to simulate within-host virulence evolution in a virus-nematode-soybean ecosystem. SCNSim was used to predict nematode suppression under a
Safyre Anderson,
Chinmay Soman,
Sadia Bekal,
Leslie Domier,
Kris Lambert,
Kaustubh Bhalerao
Journal of Nematology, Volume 50 , ISSUE 2, 79–90
research-article | 30-November-2020
are warranted, such as biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN).
EPN in the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema are important biological control agents that are utilized to manage a variety of devasting insect pests (Shapiro-Ilan et al., 2002; Grewal et al., 2005; Shapiro-Ilan et al., 2020). These nematodes are lethal parasites and kill insect pests with the assistance of mutualistic bacteria (Kaya and Gaugler, 1993). The infective juveniles (IJs), the only free-living stage
Yinping Li,
George N. Mbata,
David I. Shapiro-Ilan
Journal of Nematology, Volume 53 , 1–8
research-article | 30-November-2020
). Subsequently, these EPNs may represent an efficient biological control option for an IPM program. EPNs naturally live in soil and require an insect host to reproduce. The two main genera of EPNs that have been marketed for control of A. tumida in Europe and North America are Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis spp. These EPN genera have different hunting styles and each species have different environmental and host preferences (Shapiro-Ilan et al., 2002). Steinernema spp. generally hunt insect hosts using
WinDi Sanchez,
David Shapiro,
Geoff Williams,
Kathy Lawrence
Journal of Nematology, Volume 53 , 1–14
research-article | 03-June-2019
be due to different cropping systems, soil types, environmental conditions, and their interaction with the nematode.
Generally, agricultural soil has low levels of buffering against plant diseases. However, there are some soils which greatly suppress a specific pathogen and, most importantly, the suppressiveness can be transferred by small portions of soil (Westphal, 2005). Specific suppressive soil has been favored by scientists because of its potential role in biological control. Usually
Weiming Hu,
Eyob Kidane,
Deborah A. Neher,
Senyu Chen
Journal of Nematology, Volume 51 , 1–12
Research Article | 17-October-2018
Jaime Ruiz-Vega,
Carlos I. Cortés-Martínez,
Cipriano García-Gutiérrez
Journal of Nematology, Volume 50 , ISSUE 3, 273–280
research-article | 30-November-2018
success of EPNs as biological control agents, field efficacy is often variable, and therefore research toward improvement is needed (Shapiro-Ilan et al., 2017). Methods to enhance biocontrol efficacy in EPNs include strain improvement as well as improving nematode production, formulation and application technology (Shapiro-Ilan et al., 2012, 2017).
Clearly, to cause insect mortality, and thereby reduce pest populations, the nematodes must move to the host and successfully infect (invade) it. Therefore
David I. Shapiro-Ilan,
Fatma Kaplan,
Camila Oliveira-Hofman,
Paul Schliekelman,
Hans T. Alborn,
Edwin E. Lewis
Journal of Nematology, Volume 51 , 1–5
research-article | 17-March-2020
The genome encodes the entire inheritance messages of living organisms, serving as the foundation for biological, cellular, and molecular processes that are essential for development and reproduction. Knowledge of genomes advances the understanding of complex gene networks and assists in the engineering of crops and biological control agents for trait improvement (Bolger et al., 2014; Lu et al., 2016; Rodríguez-Leal et al., 2017). Research efforts to date have largely focused on model species
Zhen Fu,
Yuxiang Li,
Axel A. Elling,
William E. Snyder
Journal of Nematology, Volume 52 , 1–7
research-article | 30-November-2019
compatible with biological control agents to be successfully applied in integrated control. Fluazaindolizine has shown low toxicity to the bacteriophagous nematode Acrobeles buetschii (Thoden and Wiles, 2019) and to many other beneficial nematodes (Thoden et al., unpubl. data). Previous studies have indicated the compatibility of P. penetrans with non-fumigant nematicides (Mankau and Prasad, 1972; Brown and Nordmeyder, 1985; Nishizawa, 1989; Tzortzakakis and Gowen, 1994). Therefore, the aim of the
Eleni Nasiou,
Tim Thoden,
Iro V. Pardavella,
Emmanuel A. Tzortzakakis
Journal of Nematology, Volume 52 , 1–7
research-article | 30-November-2020
. Obtaining effective control at low concentrations is important, as it may lower costs for production and application of the isolate in biological control programs (Ferreira et al., 2015; Guide et al., 2016).
On the other hand, low concentrations obtained in the laboratory may not be as efficient in the field, where several other factors can interfere with the nematode’s action. Thus, experiments in field conditions must be carried out to confirm these values.
Dispersal test
In the vertical dispersal
Marcelo Zart,
Mariana Ferracim de Macedo,
Jael Simões Santos Rando,
Gabriela Souza Doneze,
Cassia Pereira Brito,
Rodrigo de Souza Poletto,
Viviane Sandra Alves
Journal of Nematology, Volume 53 , 1–10
research-article | 19-March-2020
research remains largely unexplored. Therefore, the exploration of indigenous EPN species was carried out for the first time to acquire a new resource for biological control of insect pests.
Material and methods
Site description
The Fiji Islands (Fig. 1) lie in the South Pacific Ocean between 174°E and 178°W longitude and 12° and 22°S latitude (Morrison et al., 1990). The Fiji archipelago consists of 330 islands covering a land area of 18,376 km2 (Mataki et al., 2006). Out of 330 islands only 100
Sumeet Kour,
Uma Khurma,
Gilianne Brodie,
Selcuk Hazir
journal of nematology, Volume 52 , 1–17
research-article | 06-March-2020
. (2017) reported that Heterorhabditis sp. and Steinernema karii were able to kill T. absoluta larvae at various concentrations: 100, 300, and 500 IJs/ml. Tuta absoluta larvae mortality increased with increase in concentrations. The highest concentration (500 IJs/ml) achieved the highest mortality. Goudarzi et al. (2015) on a study of the effects of H. bacteriophora and S. carpocapsae as a biological control agents of Agrotis segetum (Lepidoptera) found that the highest larval mortality was achieved
Bonginkhosi E. Dlamini,
Nelisiwe Dlamini,
Michael T. Masarirambi,
Nxumalo Kwanele A.
Journal of Nematology, Volume 52 , 1–8
research-article | 30-November-2019
adequate protection for crops (Hata et al., 1997; Bailey, 2002). These products are also poisonous to birds, mammals, and invertebrates (Purves and Bannon, 1992; Fletcher et al., 1994; Bailey, 2002). In Europe and the UK, a biological control agent, Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) against slugs and snails has been formulated into a biological molluscicide (Nemaslug®) for horticultural and agricultural application (Glen and Wilson, 1997). This nematode is a facultative parasite
Taylor Brophy,
Dana K. Howe,
Dee R. Denver,
Lien T. Luong
Journal of Nematology, Volume 52 , 1–3
Article | 21-July-2017
SILAS D. SILVA,
REGINA M. D. G. CARNEIRO,
MARCOS FARIA,
DANIELA A. SOUZA,
ROSE G. MONNERAT,
ROGERIO B. LOPES
Journal of Nematology, Volume 49 , ISSUE 1, 77–85
Research Article | 31-May-2018
Rory J. Mc Donnell,
Marisa S. Lutz,
Dana K. Howe,
Dee R. Denver
Journal of Nematology, Volume 50 , ISSUE 1, 77–78
Research Article | 22-May-2019
Anna Kisiel,
Ewa Kępczyńska
Postępy Mikrobiologii - Advancements of Microbiology, Volume 56 , ISSUE 3, 306–315
research-article | 30-November-2018
Chang Liu,
Pingsheng Ji,
Patricia Timper
Journal of Nematology, Volume 51 , 1–8
research-article | 30-November-2019
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae families are widely used as biological control agents that represent a promising alternative to replace pesticides (Labaude and Griffin, 2018), because of their ability to parasitize insects, being able to identify, locate, and infect a host and to kill it within 48 hr, as well as they are safe to vertebrates, plants, and other non-target organisms. Moreover, they can be applied by means of standard spraying
Esteban Neira-Monsalve,
Natalia Carolina Wilches-Ramírez,
Wilson Terán,
María del Pilar Márquez,
Ana Teresa Mosquera-Espinosa,
Adriana Sáenz-Aponte
Journal of Nematology, Volume 52 , 1–16
research-article | 30-November-2020
Hung Xuan Bui,
Johan A. Desaeger
journal of nematology, Volume 53 , 1–12
research-article | 30-November-2019
J. Smith Becker,
J. Borneman,
J. O. Becker
Journal of Nematology, Volume 52 , 1–12
research-article | 30-November-2020
from different climatic zones and diverse habitats (Kour et al., 2020). The isolated population of H. indica have shown some degree of morphometric and genetic variability (Kour et al., 2020). Therefore, difference in activities or behaviour would be expected among these isolates. Thus, ecological characterisation of native populations of H. indica was carried out to provide basic knowledge to develop native isolates of H. indica as a biological control agent for native insect pests listed in The
Sumeet Kour,
Uma Khurma,
Gilianne Brodie
Journal of Nematology, Volume 53 , 1–20
research-article | 30-November-2020
morphometrical level, and conducted self-crossing and cross-hybridization experiments. Our study illustrates the importance of multi-locus sequencing for the characterization of new species within the genus Heterorhabditis, serves to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of these important biological control agents, and can inform future species descriptions to advance our efforts towards developing more tools for sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture.
Materials and methods
Nematode origin
Ricardo A.R. Machado,
Aashaq Hussain Bhat,
Joaquín Abolafia,
Arthur Muller,
Pamela Bruno,
Patrick Fallet,
Carla C.M. Arce,
Ted C.J. Turlings,
Julio S. Bernal,
Joelle Kajuga,
Bancy Waweru,
Stefan Toepfer
Journal of Nematology, Volume 53 , 1–42
research-article | 23-July-2019
on chemical and microbial larvicides, insect growth-regulators and predatory fish, copepods and Toxorhynchite larvae. Nonetheless, field trials have brought mixed reports of the prospect of these approaches to prevent or curb dengue fever outbreaks (Horstick and Runge-Ranzinger, 2018; Achee et al., 2019).
Recent reviews on biological control of mosquitoes (Benelli et al., 2016; Huang et al., 2017) have not even mentioned entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) as potential agents. Nonetheless, a range
Bruna Silva,
Alexandre M. Almeida,
Claudia Dolinski,
Ricardo M. Souza
journal of nematology, Volume 51 , 1–7
Article | 21-July-2017
ZAHRA SOKHANDANI,
MOHAMMAD REZA MOOSAVI,
TAHEREH BASIRNIA
Journal of Nematology, Volume 48 , ISSUE 1, 54–63
research-article | 12-April-2021
B. B. Westerdahl,
J. Hasey,
J. Grant,
L. W. Beem
Journal of Nematology, Volume 53 , 1–10
Research Article | 17-October-2018
William K. Heve,
Fahiem E. El-Borai,
Evan G. Johnson,
Daniel Carrillo,
William T. Crow,
Larry W. Duncan
Journal of Nematology, Volume 50 , ISSUE 3, 261–272
research-article | 30-November-2020
Shalini Yerukala,
Ernest C. Bernard,
Kimberly D. Gwinn,
David M. Butler,
Parwinder S. Grewal,
Bonnie H. Ownley
Journal of Nematology, Volume 53 , 1–16
research-article | 30-November-2020
production was considered.
Entomopathogenic nematode survival was affected by the varying pH levels. These findings can be of use when selecting EPNs for biological control purposes. The four Steinernema spp., S. carpocapsae (ScCxrd, ScAll, and ScItalian) and S. riobrave showed consistently higher survival in both acidic and alkaline solutions, suggesting that they may be applied across the board in both acidic and alkaline soils. Notably, all South African EPNs showed peak survival at ≤pH7 in the more
Zanele Khathwayo,
Tshimangadzo Ramakuwela,
Justin Hatting,
David I. Shapiro-Ilan,
Nicolene Cochrane
Journal of Nematology, Volume 53 , 1–12
Article | 05-December-2017
biological control agent.
RICHARD BAIDOO,
TESFAMARIAM MEKETE MENGISTU,
JANETE A. BRITO,
ROBERT MCSORLEY,
ROBERT H. STAMPS,
WILLIAM T. CROW
Journal of Nematology, Volume 49 , ISSUE 3, 311–315
Original Paper | 26-August-2016
The prospective of endophytic microorganisms allied with medicinal plants is disproportionally large compared to those in other biomes. The use of antagonistic microorganisms to control devastating fungal pathogens is an attractive and eco-friendly substitute for chemical pesticides. Many species of actinomycetes, especially the genus Streptomyces, are well known as biocontrol agents. We investigated the culturable community composition and biological control ability of endophytic
Ajit Kumar Passari,
Vineet Kumar Mishra,
Vijai Kumar Gupta,
Ratul Saikia,
Bhim Pratap Singh
Polish Journal of Microbiology, Volume 65 , ISSUE 3, 319–329
research-article | 30-November-2020
leaving the host (Gotz et al., 1981). EPN can actively search for a suitable host and be mass-produced using conventional fermentation technology (Grewal et al., 2002, 2005). Due to its advantages as a biological control agent, EPN have been widely used to control various insect pests in different parts of the world, especially against subterranean and boring pests (Kaya et al., 2006; Labaude and Griffin, 2018).
Most EPN species have a wide host range and can infect different insect species in the
Xun Yan,
Guimei Chen,
Yuqing Chen,
Bingjiao Sun,
Xinghui Gu,
Weibing Ruan,
Richou Han
Journal of Nematology, Volume 53 , 1–12
research-article | 30-November-2020
been regularly reported as native EPNs (Table 1). S. scapterisci is an autochthonous species of South America and was imported to other countries as a biological control agent against orthopterans, primarily in USA for application in turf grass and pastures to control Scapteriscus spp. mole crickets. It is now commonly detected in citrus orchards (Campos-Herrera et al., 2013, 2014) representing long-distance dispersal of the nematode in infected crickets (Parkman et al., 1993). To date, there are
Alexandros Dritsoulas,
Fahiem E. El-Borai,
Ibrahim E. Shehata,
Mostafa M. Hammam,
Ramadan M. El-Ashry,
Moawad M. Mohamed,
Mahfouz M. Abd-Elgawad,
Larry W. Duncan
Journal of Nematology, Volume 53 , 1–13
Article | 05-December-2017
GRAHAM R. STIRLING,
A. MARCELLE STIRLING,
DAVID E. WALTER
Journal of Nematology, Volume 49 , ISSUE 3, 327–333
Article | 21-July-2017
SUSAN L. F. MEYER,
KATHRYNE L. EVERTS,
BRIAN MCSPADDEN GARDENER,
EDWARD P. MASLER,
HAZEM M. E. ABDELNABBY,
ANDREA M. SKANTAR
Journal of Nematology, Volume 48 , ISSUE 1, 43–53
Research Article | 03-December-2018
Beneficial nematodes are used as biological control agents. Low-cost mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) is an important prerequisite toward their successful commercialization. EPNs can be grown via in vivo methods or in sold or liquid fermentation. For solid and liquid approaches, media optimization is paramount to maximizing EPN yield and quality. In solid media, the authors investigated the effects of incorporating pulverized insect powder from larvae of three insects
Shiyu Zhen,
Yang Li,
Yanli Hou,
Xinghui Gu,
Limeng Zhang,
Weibin Ruan,
David Shapiro-Ilan
Journal of Nematology, Volume 50 , ISSUE 4, 495–506
Original Paper | 30-March-2017
mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, beauvericin, moniliformin) production by all five Fusarium species on solid substrates. This research suggests that T. atroviride AN240 can be a promising candidate for the biological control of toxigenic Fusarium species.
Lidia Błaszczyk,
Aneta Basińska-Barczak,
Hanna Ćwiek-Kupczyńska,
Karolina Gromadzka,
Delfina Popiel,
Łukasz Stępień
Polish Journal of Microbiology, Volume 66 , ISSUE 1, 85–100
research-article | 30-November-2019
biological control. However, to consider O. myriophila as an EPN, it is necessary to perform more evaluations on the type of association that exists with the bacteria isolated from this nematode.
Iveth del Rocio Castro-Ortega,
Juan Manuel Caspeta-Mandujano,
Ramón Suárez-Rodríguez,
Guadalupe Peña-Chora,
José Augusto Ramírez-Trujillo,
Karina Cruz-Pérez,
Iván Arenas Sosa,
Víctor Manuel Hernández–Velázquez
Journal of Nematology, Volume 52 , 1–8
research-article | 21-October-2020
nematode populations. For example, the mesostigmatid mite Protogamasellus mica was shown to consume bactivorous, fungivorous, and phytophagous nematode species at approximately the same rate regardless of the size or motility of its prey (Stirling et al., 2017). As such, microarthropods are among a diverse guild of soil organisms that attenuates processes such as crop loss to plant parasitic nematodes (Joharchi et al., 2015; Yang et al., 2020) and biological control of crop pests by entomopathogenic
Alexandros Dritsoulas,
Larry W. Duncan
Journal of Nematology, Volume 52 , 1–9